WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT ANIMAL DIVERSITY

In addition to the material covered in lecture, for each taxon listed below, you should know:

1. The level of classification (i.e., is it an order, class, phylum), the higher taxa to which it belongs, and the lower taxa which belong to it; for example, you should know that Mollusca is a phylum which contains the classes Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Polyplacophora, and Cephalopoda.
2. The defining characteristics of the taxon; for example, you should know that all members of the Phylum Arthropoda have the following characteristics: coelomate; protostome; paired, jointed appendages; exoskeleton made of chitin.
3. The common names of organisms which belong to the taxon; for example, you should be able to state that a tapeworm is in the Class Cestoda of the Phylum Platyhelminthes.
4. You should be able to make taxonomic inferences based on the classifications and information you have learned; for example, you should know that clams and oysters are more closely related to each other than either is to a squid because clams and oysters are in the same class and squids are in a different class.

 Be sure that you understand the important characteristics that indicate relationships among the Phyla in the Kingdom Animalia: bilateral vs. radial symmetry; acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate; protostome vs. deuterostome, etc. You should be able to state which of these characterize each phylum. The required information can be gleaned from lecture, laboratory exercises 1, 2, and 3, and the text. The lab manual will actually be your best guide. You do not have to know taxa in the text or lab manual which are not on this list. You do not have to know other material (ecological details, for example) from the text or lab manual for the hour exams. A useful classification summary is included in your text in Appendix C, pages A-6 to A-9.

Note: Names in quotations are not given formal taxonomic rank, so you need not know what taxonomic category they belong to; however, you should know which higher taxa they are included in and which lower taxa are included in them. For example, you should know which phyla are included in the "deuterostomes", and that deuterostomes belong in the Branch Bilateria.

CLASSIFICATION OF REQUIRED TAXA

Note: Some taxa are discussed in the text, but not the Lab Manual, and some are discussed in the Lab Manual, but not the text. You will have to combine material in those two sources with lecture to complete your study of this material. 

Kingdom Protista

"Protozoa" (animal-like protists)

Phylum Rhizopoda (amoebas)

Phylum Actinopoda (radiolarians)

Phylum Foraminifera (foraminiferans)

Phylum Zoomastigina (flagellates)

Phylum Ciliophora (ciliates)

Phylum Apicomplexa (sporozoans)

Kingdom Animalia

Subkingdom Parazoa

Phylum Porifera

Subkingdom Eumetazoa

Branch Radiata

Phylum Cnideria (Coelenterata)

Class Hydrozoa

Class Scyphozoa

Class Anthozoa

Phylum Ctenophora

Branch Bilateria

"Acoelomates"

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Class Turbellaria

Class Cestoda

Class Trematoda

Phylum Nemertea (see text)

"Pseudocoelomates"

Phylum Nematoda

Phylum Rotifera

"Coelomates"

"Protostomes"

Phylum Annelida

Class Oligochaeta

Class Polychaeta

Class Hirudinea

Phylum Mollusca

Class Polyplacophora

Class Bivalvia

Class Gastropoda

Class Cephalopoda

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Trilobitomorpha (see Lab Manual)

Subphylum Chelicerata

Class Merostomata (see Lab Manual)

Class Arachnida

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Malacostraca (Crustacea) 

Subphylum Uniramia

Class Insecta

Class Chilopoda

Class Diplopoda

Phylum Onycophora

  "Deuterostomes"

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Asteroidea

Class Echinoidea

Class Holothuroidea

Phylum Hemichordata

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Urochordata

Subphylum Cephalochorda

Subphylum Vertebrata

Class Agnatha

Class Osteichthyes

Class Chondrichthyes

Class Amphibia

Class Reptilia

Class Aves

Class Mammalia